Bava Batra 280:1

בת אשתו מהו שתמעט בנכסים אלמנתו מהו שתמעט בנכסים אלמנתו ובת אי זה מהן קודמת

Does<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the answer to the first question is that a creditor does reduce the value of the estate, it may he argued that only he does it, since his debt may be collected even after his death. ');">¹</span> his wife's daughter<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose right to maintenance she cannot transmit to her heirs since it ceases with her death. ');">²</span> reduce [its value]? Does<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is answered that his wife's daughter reduces the value of the estate. It may he argued that this is so only in her case since she retains her rights to maintenance even after her marriage. ');">³</span>

אמר ליה זיל האידנא ותא למחר כי אתא אמר ליה פשוט מיהת חדא דאמר רבי אבא אמר רבי אסי עשו אלמנה אצל הבת כבת אצל האחין בנכסים מועטין מה בת אצל אחין הבת ניזונת והאחין ישאלו על הפתחים אף אלמנה אצל הבת אלמנה ניזונת והבת תשאל על הפתחים:

his widow<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who loses her right to maintenance as soon as she re-marries ');">⁴</span> reduce [its value]?) [In the case of claims of] his widow and [her] daughter,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' both of whom claim maintenance, while the estate suffices only for one. ');">⁵</span> who is to have the preference? — He said to him: Go away to-day and come to-morrow. When he came, he said to him: Solve at least one [problem]. For R. Abba said in the name of R. Assi [that] the relationship between<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'at', 'at the side of'. ');">⁶</span>

אדמון אומר בשביל שאני זכר הפסדתי וכו': מאי קאמר אמר אביי הכי קאמר בשביל שאני זכר וראוי אני לעסוק בתורה הפסדתי אמר ליה רבא אלא מעתה מאן דעסיק בתורה הוא דירית דלא עסיק בתורה לא ירית אלא אמר רבא הכי קאמר בשביל שאני זכר וראוי אני לירש בנכסים מרובין הפסדתי בנכסים מועטין:

a widow and [her] daughter, in the case of a small estate, has been put [on the same basis] as that of the relationship between<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'at', 'at the side of'. ');">⁷</span> a daughter and brothers. As [in the case of] the relationship between a daughter and brothers, the daughter is maintained [out of the estate] while the brothers have to go begging at [people's] doors, so [in the case of] the relationship of a widow and [her] daughter, the widow is maintained, and the daughter may go begging at [people's] doors.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keth. 43a. ');">⁸</span> ADMON SAID, 'AM I TO BE THE LOSER BECAUSE I AM A MALE' etc. What does he mean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' What reason is there to assume that, as regards maintenance, a male should have any preference at all over a female? ');">⁹</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> הניח בנים ובנות וטומטום בזמן שהנכסים מרובין הזכרים דוחין אותו אצל נקבות נכסים מועטין הנקבות דוחות אותו אצל זכרים

— Abaye replied: He means this: 'AM I TO BE THE LOSER BECAUSE I AM A MALE and am capable of engaging in the study of the Torah?' Raba said to him: Now, then, would he who is engaged in the study of the Torah be entitled to heirship, [and he who is not engaged in the study of the Torah not be entitled to be heir?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely no son could be deprived of a share in his father's inheritance for the sole reason that he was not able to engage in the study of the Torah! ');">¹⁰</span> — But, said Raba, he means this: 'AM I, BECAUSE I AM A MALE and am entitled to be heir in [the case of] a large, estate, TO BE THE LOSER [of my rights] in [the case of] a small estate?' <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. [IF A MAN] LEFT SONS AND DAUGHTERS, AND ONE WHOSE SEX IS UNCERTAIN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb., tumtum v. Glos. ');">¹¹</span>

האומר אם תלד אשתי זכר יטול מנה ילדה זכר יטול מנה נקבה מאתים ילדה נקבה נוטלת מאתים

THE MALES MAY, WHERE THE ESTATE IS LARGE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which case the sons are entitled to inherit it, while the daughters receive only their maintenance until they marry or become of age. ');">¹²</span> REFER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'push'. ');">¹³</span> HIM TO THE FEMALES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to receive maintenance only as a daughter. ');">¹⁴</span>

אם זכר מנה אם נקבה מאתים וילדה זכר ונקבה זכר נוטל מנה נקבה נוטלת מאתים ילדה טומטום אינו נוטל אם אמר כל מה שתלד אשתי יטול ה"ז יטול ואם אין שם יורש אלא הוא יורש את הכל:

[IF] THE ESTATE, [HOWEVER], IS SMALL,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is, consequently, allotted entirely to the maintenance of the daughters. ');">¹⁵</span> THE FEMALES MAY REFER HIM TO THE MALES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And he would thus receive nothing. ');">¹⁶</span> IF A MAN SAID: SHOULD MY WIFE BEAR A MALE CHILD, HE SHALL RECEIVE A <i>MANEH</i>, [AND HIS WIFE] DID BEAR A MALE CHILD, HE RECEIVES A <i>MANEH</i>. [IF HE SAID: SHOULD MY WIFE BEAR] A FEMALE [SHE SHALL RECEIVE] TWO HUNDRED [ZUZ, AND] SHE BORE A FEMALE, SHE TAKES TWO HUNDRED [<i>ZUZ</i>]. [IF HE SAID]: SHOULD [SHE BARE] A MALE CHILD [HE SHALL RECEIVE] A <i>MANEH</i> [AND] IF A FEMALE SHE SHALL RECEIVE TWO HUNDRED [<i>ZUZ</i>], AND SHE GAVE BIRTH TO A MALE AND A FEMALE, THE MALE RECEIVES A <i>MANEH</i> [AND] THE FEMALE RECEIVES TWO HUNDRED <i>ZUZ</i>. [IF] SHE BORE A <i>TUMTUM</i>, HE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tumtum ');">¹⁷</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> דוחין אותו ושקיל כבת הא קתני סיפא ילדה טומטום אינו נוטל אמר אביי דוחין אותו ואין לו

RECEIVES NOTHING. IF, [HOWEVER], HE SAID: WHATEVER MY WIFE SHALL BEAR, SHALL RECEIVE [A CERTAIN PORTION]. HE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tumtum ');">¹⁷</span> RECEIVES [IT]. AND IF THERE IS NO [OTHER] HEIR BUT THIS ONE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tumtum ');">¹⁷</span> HE INHERITS ALL [THE ESTATE].

ורבא אמר דוחין אותו ויש לו וסיפא אתאן לרבן שמעון בן גמליאל (דתניא) ילדה טומטום ואנדרוגינוס רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר אין קדושה חלה עליהן

GEMARA [How can it be said that the males] REFER HIM [to the females] and he [presumably] receives [maintenance] as a daughter. Seeing that in the latter clause it states: IF SHE BORE A <i>TUMTUM</i>, HE RECEIVES NOTHING! — Abaye replied: THEY REFER HIM [to the females] and he receives nothing. Raba, however, said: THEY REFER HIM and he does receive [maintenance]; and the latter clause [of our Mishnah]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to which the tumtum receives nothing. ');">¹⁸</span> represents the view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we arrive'. ');">¹⁹</span> of Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel. For we learnt:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ter. 24b; cf. Tosaf. Yeb. 83b. s.v., [H] ');">²⁰</span>

מיתיבי טומטום יורש כבן וניזון כבת בשלמא לרבא יורש כבן בנכסים מועטין וניזון כבת בנכסים מרובין

[If an animal]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of which the male or female firstling was consecrated as a sacrifice before it was born. ');">²¹</span> gave birth to a <i>tumtum</i> or an androginos,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [G], a hermaphrodite. having characteristics of both male and female. ');">²²</span> Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel said that the sanctity does not extend to [either of] them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus it has been proved that in the opinion of Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel a tumtum is regarded as a distinct species which is neither male nor female. This view is voiced by the author of the latter clause of our Mishnah, according to whom a tumtum receives neither a share like a son nor maintenance like a daughter. ');">²³</span> An objection was raised: A <i>tumtum</i> inherits like a son and receives maintenance like a daughter. According to Raba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who regards a tumtum not as a distinct species but as one of uncertain sex and that, accordingly, he is either male or female. ');">²⁴</span> this statement may well be explained [as follows]: He inherits like a son in [the case of] a small estate,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., nothing: since the daughters may refuse him maintenance on the ground that he has no proof that he is a female. ');">²⁵</span> and receives maintenance like a daughter [in the case of] a large estate;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He cannot claim the greater privilege of receiving a share like a son, because he has no proof that he is a male. He is entitled, however, to the lesser privilege of maintenance, since if he is not a male he is inevitably a female. Cf. p. 598. n. 8. ');">²⁶</span>